In this chapter, you read the adjective extinct, which means to die out completely. Ex- comes at the beginning of many words to form nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in English. It means upwards, completely, without, and former.

Tokyo Concert Review

Last night was the first Asian concert of rock band Small Minds' world tour. The band began their exhausting tour six months ago in New York. They are so popular in the States that they extended their stay there by a week, and played five extra concerts that sold out within hours.

In an interview before their concert yesterday, guitarist Lee Gray and lead singer Mark Lang said they were very excited to be in Tokyo. "This is our first trip to Japan, so it's a fantastic experience for us," said Lang.

The extensive tour continues to Nagoya, Osaka, and Fukuoka before moving to Korea, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. Small Minds then plan to take a hard-earned break at an exclusive island resort before heading back home to the U.K. From there they will start the European leg of the tour. If you're lucky enough to get tickets to see them, expect a loud and energetic show, with some fantastic new versions of their album songs.

Sounds from the Past

Much of the music we listen to today is a mixture of styles from various countries and time periods. A lot of music has roots in older traditional songs heard in many different countries around the world. Traditional, or folk, music is collected over decades, if not centuries. Younger generations learn these songs from their elders through practice and repetition.

Since music can tell us a lot about different cultures through its lyrics, melodies, and the instruments used, researchers and music fans see it as an essential part of history. They fear that traditional and older types of music are slowly disappearing, partly because they are less likely to be written down or recorded, or because the format in which they are recorded is no longer in use. Also, younger generations may not find such music very appealing, so once older generations pass away, the music may die out with them. Whole genres of music may go extinct.

There is a growing effort to preserve music in its many forms. Some researchers create field recordings—recordings made outside of a recording studio—to capture live performances. For example, in the early 1900s, social scientist Frances Densmore made recordings of Native American songs that had been sung for many generations but were in danger of being forgotten. Researchers also transcribe old music by listening to old recordings—sometimes the only one of its kind left. They try to write out the music so that it can be studied and played by modern musicians.

Collecting music is another form of music preservation. Some collectors are extremely passionate about their music, and will spend a lot of time and money looking for things that have not been produced or sold for many years. Their efforts help to document music of different cultures, genres, time periods, and places. For example, some punk rock fans still collect cassette tapes from the 70s, while many jazz fans prefer to listen to old vinyl records.

There are also associations and societies to preserve and celebrate very specific kinds of music. For example, the Idelsohn Society helps to preserve old and rare Jewish music, the Suni Project celebrates the work of Grikor Marazian Suni, an old and influential Armenian composer, while the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation lets people listen to old videogame music in its original form.

Now, modern technology makes it much easier to preserve music. Smart phones can be used to record music, while the Internet lets us share these recordings and find people with similar interests. Soon, losing a piece of music may be a thing of the past.