A. Formal English
Formal English is more common in writing, but you will also hear examples in more formal
spoken English, e.g. announcements, speeches, television news, or discussions.
B. Informal English
Informal language is more common in spoken English, and also in most emails or letters to
friends. The words and phrases in bold in these dialogues are all informal.
- A: Who’s Callum?
- B: A mate [a friend] of mine.
- A: Really?
- B: Yeah, I see him quite a bit [often]; he’s a nice bloke [man].
- A: Toby, I’m afraid I can’t make it [come] this evening.
- B: Oh, that’s a shame.
- A: Yeah, I’m sorry, but the thing is [the problem is], Ella’s not well, so I’ll have to look after the kids [children].
- B: OK, don’t worry. There will still be twelve or so [about twelve] at the meeting, and I’ll ring you later and let you know what happens.
- A: Cheers [thanks]. That would be great.
- A: I bet [I’m sure] you’re hungry.
- B: Yes, I’m dying for something to eat. [want to eat something very much]
- A: Well, I think you’ll find some stuff in the fridge.
- A: What are you up to this evening? [What are you doing?]
- B: Nothing much. Why?
- A: Well, would you like to see the new Coen Brothers film? I’ve heard it’s great [very good; syn terrific].
- B: Really? My brother saw it and said it was a load of rubbish [terrible].
Language help
We often use the uncountable noun stuff, especially in
spoken English, to refer to an uncountable noun or a
group of things. We do this when others know what we
are talking about, or if we don’t need to be exact.
Put this stuff in the cupboard. [e.g. plates, food, toys]
We carried our camping stuff [equipment].
What’s this stuff in the fridge in the blue bottle? [liquid]
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