Luyện ngữ pháp - English Grammar in Use - Intermediate (Unit 14: Present perfect and past 2))


Present perfect and past 2

A

Do not use the present perfect (I have done) when you talk about a finished time (for example, yesterday / ten minutes ago / in 2005 / when I was a child).

Use a past tense:
  • It was very cold yesterday. (not has been)
  • Paul and Lucy arrived ten minutes ago. (not have arrived)
  • Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? (not have you eaten)
  • I got home late last night. I was very tired and went straight to bed.

Use the past to ask When ... ? or What time ... ?:
  • When did your friends arrive? (not have ... arrived)
  • What time did you finish work?

Compare:

Present perfect Past simple
- Tom has lost his key. He can't get into the house. - Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldn't get into the house.
- Is Carla here or has she left? - When did cart a leave ?
B

Compare:

Present perfect (have done) Past simple (did)
- I've done a lot of work today.

We use the present perfect for a period of time that continues until now. For example: today / this week / since 2007.

- I did a lot of work yesterday.

We use the past simple for a finished time in the past. For example: yesterday / last week / from 2007 to 2010.

- It hasn't rained this week. - It didn't rain last week.
- Have you seen Anna this morning? (it is still morning) - Did you see Anna this morning? (it is now afternoon or evening)
- Have you seen Tim recently? - Did you see Tim on Sunday?
- I don't know where Lisa is. I haven't seen her. (= I haven't seen her recently) A: Was Lisa at the party on Sunday?
B: I don't think so. I didn't see her.
- We've been waiting for an hour. (we a re still waiting now) - We waited (or were waiting) for an hour. (we are no longer waiting)
- Jack lives in Los Angeles. He has lived there for seven years. - Jack lived in New York for ten years. Now he lives in Los Angeles.
- I have never played golf. (in my life) - I didn't play golf last summer.
- It's the last day of your holiday. You say:
It's been a really good holiday.
I've really enjoyed it.
- After you come back from holiday you say:
It was a really good holiday.
I really enjoyed it.


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