Luyện ngữ pháp - Destination C1 and C2 - (Unit 17: Grammar - Clauses)


Concession clauses
although/ though/even though Even though she'd put on sun cream, Tamsin got burnt.
Tamsin got burnt, though she had put on sun cream.
Tamsin put on sun cream. She still got burnt, though.
in spite of/ despite ( + noun or -ing) Despite putting on sun cream, Tamsin got burnt.
In spite of the fact that she put on sun cream, Tamsin got burnt.
Despite the sun cream, Tamsin still got burnt.
while/whereas While antibiotics are effective against bacteria, they do not work against viruses.
Bacterial infections can be cured with antibiotics, whereas viruses cannot.
however Penicillin is a powerful antibiotic. However, some people are allergic to it.
Penicillin is a powerful antibiotic. Some people are allergic to it, however.
Penicillin is a powerful antibiotic. Some people, however, are allergic to it.
other phrases and structures Try as he might, he couldn't put up with the pain.
However hard he (might have) tried, he couldn't put up with the pain.
Hard though/as he tried, he couldn't put up with the pain.
Much as he tried, he couldn't put up with the pain.

Watch out!

• With in spite of/ despite + -ing, both parts of the sentence must refer to the same subject.

• Even if is used to emphasise that it doesn't matter if something happens or is true, another situation remains the same.
✓ Even if they found a cure for cancer tomorrow, it would take several years before it was available.

• Even if is used to suggest that something may or may not happen, whereas even though suggests that the action actually takes place.
✓ Even if she tried to give her an injection, she couldn't. ( = She probably hasn't tried yet.)
✓ Even though she tried to give her an injection, she couldn't. ( = She tried and was unsuccessful.)

Form - Infinitive clauses Exercise - A,B,C


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